From the craving for the starry sky in the night sky to the colorful lanterns all over the earth, the history of human and dark struggle is the history of human development from possession to control. From torches to candles, from gas lamps to tungsten lamps, human understanding of the material process has also changed the shape of the lamp. Around 2009, smaller and brighter and more economical LED lights began to enter the main lighting in developed countries. universal. LED light source is no longer only for lighting, its versatile and flexible design features make it more suitable for people's work and life. Among them, laser technology has been the most influential technology for humans since the 20th century. From lighting to cutting to measurement, the versatility of laser technology makes it flexible for different applications, and in the modern lighting industry, laser technology plays an important role in promoting product innovation in the lighting industry. Lighting application The original intention of the birth of the lamp is to dispel the darkness for people. The lighting technology has been developing in a more stable, brighter and more controllable direction. In recent years, the new laser lighting has been highly anticipated by the major companies in the industry, and it has to replace the momentum of LED lighting. . Since the principle of laser light source is different from that of ordinary light source, laser light is only a monochromatic light source, and light has only one wavelength instead of ordinary light source to manufacture colored light waves covering all wavelengths. This feature makes the laser illumination more illuminating and the light pattern can be controlled accurately, quickly and safely. In this regard, OSRAM, BMW, Panasonic, etc. all apply laser lighting to the development of headlights. It is reported that BMW is equipped with a laser lighting system on its i8 concept car to show the world that compared with the existing LED headlights, the laser headlights are 1000 times brighter than the LED headlights, and at the same time, the volume is smaller, more energy-saving, and the illumination distance is farther. . And announced that it will be fully popularized in production cars in 2-3 years. On the other hand, due to the high efficiency of the laser source, the power consumption of laser illumination at the same time as high brightness is surprisingly small, which means lower power demand. It has been used in aerospace applications, and even applied to micro-satellite lighting such as CubeSat. Laser processing diversifies lighting applications In addition to the use of lasers for the lighting itself, the impact of lasers on the manufacture of lighting products cannot be ignored. Laser processing includes cutting, welding, surface treatment, punching, marking, scribing, micro-carving and other processing techniques. As the lighting market continues to grow, the LED manufacturing industry is becoming more and more demanding for capacity and yield. In recent years, the application of high-brightness LEDs in the field of lighting has continued to expand rapidly. For example, in LED manufacturing, laser wafer dicing as a non-contact process causes dicing to cause wafer microcracks and other damage, which results in tighter wafer granules and reliable reliability of the finished LED device. Greatly improved, LEDs can be used in a large number of backlighting applications in mobile phones, televisions and touch screens. Lighting Design However, the monotonous light source can no longer satisfy people's pursuit of quality of life. On the bare bulbs, the various shades on the cover are just a part of our colorful life. Laser cutting can not only adapt to the highly reflective materials such as stainless steel, aluminum veneer, brass and copper, but also has the characteristics of moldless processing, which satisfies the requirements of small batch customization in the home decoration industry. It is understood that the international lighting giant Osram's laser diode, combined with Corning's light-scattering fiber, to create a soft and small fiber can also change color. The laser diode can realize dynamic color control, and the laser diode used to generate the laser is very small in size. At present, the large-scale array layout adopted by the LED to solve the drawback of the weak illumination of the single element will become a history in the era of laser illumination. The rigid demand for illumination power output will no longer be a hindrance to headlight design, plus the ability to bend, wrap or profile the object around the object while maintaining the brightness and uniformity of the light. This also means that stylists can create a more liberal avant-garde design for headlight design. Conclusion: Laser technology affects the development trend of the lighting industry in every aspect, both at the manufacturing level and at the product level. In today's LED lighting profits are declining, in addition to the blue ocean market that develops subdivided lighting, it is not easy to relax thinking. Opening up new lighting technologies is also a way to stand out in the Red Sea. Just as the father of the blue LED, Nakamura Shuji, pointed out that compared with LED, the laser diode can achieve higher efficiency lighting, and laser lighting will be the key to industrial development. Repeater Triple Play,Wifi port,Router Shenzhen GL-COM Technology CO.,LTD. , https://www.szglcom.com.jpg)
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Because of signal attenuation and delay, the Ethernet segment has a distance limit according to different media. For example, 10BASE5 coaxial cable has a maximum distance of 500 meters (1,640 feet). The maximum distance can be achieved by an Ethernet repeater, which can amplify the signal in the cable and transmit it to the next section. The repeater can connect to 5 network segments at most, but there can only be 4 devices (that is, a network segment can connect to 4 repeaters at most). This can alleviate the problems caused by cable breaks: when a section of coaxial cable is disconnected, all devices on this section cannot communicate, and the repeater can ensure that other network sections work normally.
Similar to other high-speed buses, the Ethernet network segment must be terminated with resistors at both ends. For coaxial cables, the terminals at both ends of the cable must be connected to 50 ohm resistors and heat sinks called "terminators". If this is not done, a situation similar to cable disconnection will occur: the AC signal on the bus arrives It will be reflected when it is terminal, but not dissipated. The reflected signal will be considered as a conflict, making communication impossible. The repeater can electrically isolate the two network segments connected to it, strengthen and synchronize the signal. Most repeaters have a function called "automatic isolation", which can isolate network segments that have too many conflicts or conflicts that last too long, so that other network segments will not be affected by the damaged part. The repeater can restore the connection of the network segment after detecting that the conflict disappears.
Hub
Although the Ethernet network with a hub is a star-shaped structure physically, it is still a bus-type logically. The half-duplex communication method uses the CSMA/CD conflict detection method. The hub plays a very important role in reducing data packet conflicts. small. Every data packet is sent to every port of the hub, so bandwidth and security issues have not been resolved. The total transmission volume of the hub is limited by the speed of a single connection (10 or 100 Mbit/s). This is still considering the minimum cost of preamble, transmission interval, header, file tail, and packaging. When the network is overloaded, conflicts often reduce the transmission volume. The worst case is that when many hosts composed of long cables transmit many very short frames, the load of the network may be full at only about 50% due to excessive collisions. In order to increase the network load as much as possible before the conflict seriously reduces the transmission volume, some settings are usually made to avoid similar situations.