Plastic radiator for LED

Recently, plastic radiators have also attracted people's attention. Materials with good thermal conductivity are usually materials with good electrical conductivity. In turn, plastics with poor electrical conductivity must have poor thermal conductivity. This is inevitable. So obviously metal is better than plastic. In fact, it is the same. So, isn't plastic enough to be used as a radiator? Not so!

Recently, a variety of thermal conductive plastics have been developed internationally, and most of the materials are based on engineering plastics and general-purpose plastics, such as PP, ABS, PC, PA, LCP, PPS, PEEK, and the like. The plastic is then filled with certain metal oxide powder, carbon, fiber or ceramic powder. For example, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) can be mixed with large-particle magnesium oxide (40-325 mesh) to form an insulating heat-conductive plastic. Typical thermal conductivity ranges from 1-20 W/mK and some grades can reach 100 W/mK. This value is about 5-100 times that of traditional plastics. The thermal conductivity of general plastics is only 0.2 W/mK. However, if too much metal powder is added in order to obtain high thermal conductivity, it becomes conductive. It can not be applied in some occasions. The performance of some thermal conductive plastics from Coolploy in the United States is as follows.

E4505 (PC): Thermal Conductivity 10w/mk Thermal Conductive Applications: Enclosure and Radiator D5108 (PPS): Thermal Conductivity 10w/mk Thermal Insulation Application: Board/Chip D5506 (LCP): Thermal Conductivity 10w/mk Thermal Insulation Application: Board / Chip D8102 (TPE): Thermal conductivity 3w/mk Thermal insulation application: Interface E5101 (PPS): Thermal conductivity 20w/mk Thermal conduction Application: Radiator So why can thermal plastic be made into a heat sink? Its heat dissipation performance can Is it better than a traditional aluminum radiator? It is ok, even better! Can you believe it?

We know that any heat sink, in addition to being able to quickly transfer heat from the heat source to the surface of the heat sink, still relies on convection and radiation to dissipate heat into the air. The high thermal conductivity solves the problem of fast heat transfer, and the heat dissipation is mainly determined by the heat dissipation area, shape, natural convection and heat radiation, which are almost independent of the thermal conductivity of the material. So as long as there is a certain heat transfer capacity, the plastic radiator can still be a good radiator!

Generally speaking, if the distance from the heat source to the surface of the heat sink is less than 5 mm, as long as the thermal conductivity is greater than 5, the heat dissipation is dominated by convection, and at this time, conduction heat dissipation has no effect. This can be seen from the curve below.

Figure 1. Relationship between thermal conductivity and conduction convection heat dissipation


The relationship between thermal conductivity and conduction convection heat dissipation is given in Figure 1. In the figure, the abscissa is the thermal conductivity and the ordinate is the temperature difference between the heat source and the environment. The curves for the various colors are the distance between the heat source and the surface of the heat sink. If the distance is less than 5mm (green curve), as long as the thermal conductivity is greater than 5, its heat dissipation capacity is completely determined by convection. The smaller the temperature difference and the smaller the distance, the less important the thermal conductivity is.

And for an ideal good heat sink, about 70% of the heat is convective heat, and 30% of the heat is radiated by radiation.

The heat dissipation capability of the heat-conductive plastic is not inferior. Below are the thermal emissivity of various materials.

material steel cast iron aluminum copper Black plastic
Polished without oxidation 0.05-0.1 0.3 0.02-0.1 0.06
0.8-0.9
Rough oxidation 0.5-0.6 0.75 0.3-0.4 0.5
Severe oxidation 0.8-0.95 0.8-0.95 0.4-0.45 0.8
So it can be said that if two radiators of the same shape are identical, one is made of aluminum and the other is made of heat-conductive plastic. If the radiator made of aluminum is not blackened, its heat dissipation capability is not comparable to that of black thermal plastic. The heat sink! Because the convection heat of the two is the same, and the radiation heat is better with plastic!

Take the example of a heat-dissipating plastic from Shanghai Hefu New Materials Co., Ltd. The specifications of this material are as follows:

Main performance parameters Therpoxy
Thermal denaturation temperature 180 degrees @ 3.2 mm
Thermal Conductivity 2.9 watts / meter.
Surface resistance >1012 ohms
Breakdown voltage 4000 volts
Flame retardant UL94 V0@1.3 mm
Glow wire GWIT 750 degrees @ 1.3 mm

Compared with commonly used aluminum heat sinks, there are other advantages to the plastic heat conductive material.

Cast aluminum radiator Thermal engineering plastic
Thermal conductivity Higher Relatively low metal
heat radiation general Quite good
Insulation performance Not insulated Excellent insulation
Processing methods Die casting, casting, drawing Injection molding
And LED connection Mechanical connection, bonding, welding Mechanical connection, bonding, welding
Processing temperature >500 degrees >250 degrees
Secondary processing need No need
System cost medium Higher

Compared with traditional materials, thermal conductive polymers have higher flexural and tensile stiffness, but have poor impact strength, and their inherent low coefficient of thermal expansion can effectively reduce part shrinkage.

In fact, it can be considered that its biggest advantage is insulation. Because of its good electrical conductivity, aluminum heatsinks are often a concern for non-isolated power supplies when they pass CE or UL certification. With plastic heat sinks, non-isolated power supplies can be used at the same time without worrying about safety issues.

In addition, its density is lighter than aluminum. The density of aluminum is 2700kg/m3, while the density of plastic is 1420 kg/m3, which is almost half of that of aluminum. Therefore, the heat sink of the same shape has a weight of only 1/2 of that of aluminum. Moreover, the processing is simple, and the molding cycle can be shortened by 20-50%, which reduces the pressure of cost.

The following picture shows the LED bulbs produced by Shanghai Longmao Co., Ltd. using the heat-conductive plastic case radiator of Shanghai Hefu New Materials Co., Ltd. It can dissipate about 8 watts of power. This power is already close to the ultimate power of the bulb (9W). If you want to further increase its power, you can only use forced air cooling.

The only disadvantage of the plastic radiator is that the unit price is relatively expensive, so it is not suitable for large LED radiators such as LED street lamps, but only for indoor low-power LED lamps.

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