Walking upright frees mankind from the shackles of the forest and begins to use and manufacture tools. This is the result of the evolution of human intelligence. Therefore, erecting feet is also regarded as an important sign that humans distinguish other animals. But in terms of balance, standing on both feet is much more difficult than walking on four feet. Why does humans have to spend a lot of energy studying bipedal robots? Someone replied: "To be human," because modern urban environments are built by humans. The purpose of R&D robots is to replace humans for repetitive labor. Therefore, "like humans" is very important for robots. However, the so-called "like man" does not mean "looking like". It is more hope that the robot can replace human beings to do heavy and dangerous work, even better than humans do. Although there are many robots currently used in industrial production and life services, their mobile capabilities are hardly flattering. However, people did not give up the robot’s “human-like†pursuit, and many companies are trying hard to make robots walk on two legs. The highest-profile names are Boston-powered Atlas and Honda’s Asimo. The former, with excellent operational capabilities, quickly became popular. When the red robot. Xiao Bian went deep into the bipedal robot industry chain and carefully studied and found that there are already as many as 14 head company players involved in the field of bipedal robots, and there have been a dozen related research institutes. Of particular concern is that they have emerged. Many Chinese companies and research institutes have figured out what a two-footed robot player at the top of the robot research pyramid is playing. What role does the Chinese player play? This article will take you through one article. First, where is the bottleneck of "walking"? To a certain extent, "Like Man" is a bionic concept, and the robot's name also takes up the word "human". Naturally, many researchers will embark on the path of bipedal robot research. However, robots on the market today are still a big problem even if they are four-legged and many-legged, not to mention bipedal robots. Then what happened to the problem? What limits the “two legs†of the robot? From the principle of view, bipedal robot walking problem can be simplified as, through a variety of sensors to obtain the data of the robot body posture and center of gravity transformation, and then calculate a reasonable and effective movement instructions, and then feedback and then operation. In this way, even if the ambiguity of the sports environment is taken into consideration, it will not be as clumsy as it is now. The reality is that human walking is a multi-joint movement. Therefore, most robots on the market today use servos to simulate human joint replacement, and use aluminum alloy or other light high-hardness materials to make robotic structural parts similar to humans. The skeleton supports the whole robot. The robot's roof and feet are made of lightweight, strong materials that simulate the human ankles and soles to support the robot's walking and stability. The steering gear is controlled by the chip, which controls the movement of the entire joint, thereby realizing the adjustment of the size, speed, and amplitude of the pace. This includes hardware issues such as design, materials, and software constraints such as algorithms. In terms of hardware development, the entire industry has been slow to iterate. Since bipedal robots require a long research and development cycle from the structural design to the assembly and debugging, they are also more likely to burn money. The hardware, like software, cannot be fed back as soon as it is written. Of course, the most important issue is that the specific technical details, such as precise force control, are in some top-level hardware vendors, and they will not be open source like software, and small companies cannot have large funds and strength. R & D efforts to limit the overall development of the industry. In terms of software algorithms, the biggest constraint is that humans are not yet aware of the basic principles of walking, which is the same as humans do not know how the human brain works. In terms of algorithms, the current practice in the industry is to abstract complex walking problems and extract a relatively simple model, such as Asimo's linear inverted pendulum and Cassie's spring particle model. Then based on the analysis of simple models, a walking gait is generated. Map back to the biped robot. However, such an approach is obviously only a special solution to a complex system, and it is still unable to cope with any situation. Second, the giant leads the way, "biped" became a hot topic Judging from the global robotic research and market conditions, the United States and Japan have this absolute strength and can represent the international advanced level. In terms of bipedal robot research, the research results of the United States and Japan are also the most significant and China’s double. Foot robots are just like the Chinese robot market. To say that the bipedal robot with the strongest ability to move must be said to be Boston's Atlas. The robot was originally iterated by Boston's earlier Petman, and was originally designed to simulate the role of soldiers in protective clothing under realistic conditions. At that time, Petman had the ability to balance himself, walk freely and bend his body, and even exposed to chemical reagents in the operation shop to make various kinds of bodybuilding exercises that exerted pressure on chemical protective clothing. Subsequently, Boston Power continued to enhance its robotic capabilities and developed the Atlas robot based on Petman's prototype. Atlas, who had flipped around after a big show on the Internet, is actually a third-generation product that has gone through three iterations. Sensors inside and inside the body can collect pose data to keep the body in balance. Now Atlas can not only walk on complicated roads such as snow, but also can stably backflip with excellent sports performance. Japan is also unwilling to show weaknesses in the ability of robots. In 2000, Asimo launched by Honda Company was very flexible in its ability to move. Its walking speed can reach 9km/h. However, if the early robots turned suddenly when walking in a straight line, they had to stop first and they seemed very clumsy. Asimo is much more flexible, it can predict the next action in real time and change the center of gravity in advance, so it can walk freely, it can not only carry out the "8"-shaped walking, down steps, bending and other "complex" actions, but also can shake hands, Wave and even dance with the music. Therefore, Asimo is also considered to be the world's first humanoid robot with human biped walking ability. In 2017, the Oregon State University research team announced a new type of walking robot named Cassie. Only the lower body and anti-joint design make Cassie look like a headless ostrich. Despite the slenderness of the "five fingers," Cassie's steps have been steady, and he has been favored by the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which has given the team $1 million in funding for research. Cassie's R&D team has now separated from Oregon State University and established its own robotics company, AgilityRobotics, which recently received $8 million in financing. The research on biped robots in China mainly focuses on academic schools. There are not many researches on biped robots conducted by robotics companies. At the beginning of the year at CES, Ubiquitous Launched a bipedal robot called Walker. Only from the name can you know that this product is mainly walking ability. Walker is 1.3m high and has two legs with high degrees of freedom. It can walk up and down the stairs, walk omnidirectionally, and has a variety of interactive sports such as kicking and dancing. Iron Man Technology, established in 2015, is also a typical representative of domestic bipedal robot R&D. Its R&D team is from Chinese Academy of Sciences and Aerospace Institute. At the World Robot Conference (WRC) in 2017, Iron Man Technology exhibited ART. The two-foot big humanoid robot was received by Vice Premier Liu Yandong and Ma Kai. Overall, the limelight of biped robots has been dominated by overseas companies and research institutes. Domestically, it is mainly oriented toward project research, and there is little movement in commercialization. In addition to the Boston Dynamics, companies such as Japan's Honda have spared no effort to save money on humanoid robot projects. At this stage, the application scenarios of humanoid robots are mainly based on military and aerospace industries. In the consumer market, it is a good choice to miniaturize the bulk. Desktop-type humanoid robot NAO is widely popular in the scientific research field. Its French robot company Aldebaran was acquired by Softbank; domestic Alpha series robots are required to become the unicorns. In terms of research, the bipedal robot research in the United States and Japan started earlier. At present, the stability of the robot is no longer a problem. For example, the National Robotics Engineering Center of Carnegie Mellon University has developed a chimpanzee robot named “Chimp†that can perform functions such as walking, climbing a ladder, or even driving, and can be used for disaster relief. China’s bipedal robot research is also very hot. Prof. Xiong Rong of Zhejiang University led the team to develop two robots, “Enlightenment†and “Emptyâ€. Their team also developed a four-legged robot in February of this year. ". In addition, Peking University, HIT, Beijing Institute of Technology and other well-known domestic universities have teams for the study of bipedal robots. At present, research on bipedal robots in the world is mainly focused on obstacles that span vertical heights, and no consideration has been given to the horizontal crossing of large-scale obstacles. The difficulty of level crossing is how to adjust the center of gravity of the robot so that it can cross over a long distance but not fall. On this basis, it is also necessary to consider how to use the smallest ducted fan thrust to complete the movement smoothly. In terms of horizontal barriers, the IEEE Spectrum website recently published a new achievement of Huang Zhifeng, deputy director of the Department of Automation of the Automation Department of the Guangdong University of Technology. They developed a bipedal robot named Jet-HR1 and installed culverts on the bottom of their feet. The air blower allows it to adjust its own gravity to maintain balance, even with a "horse" to cross large-scale obstacles. Third, research, exhibition hall into the direction of the market From the perspective of current bipedal robot research and market prospects, small bipedal robots such as NAO, Alpha must-have, and Alpha are playing a major role in the direction of companionship and entertainment in the children's market. For large-scale biped robots, the current performance in the market is mainly in the universities, research institutes, science and technology museums and other scenes, to serve their research, education, and display. Whether it is perfect technology research and development, or complicated supply chain management and control, strong financial support, the biped robot field has a high threshold, not only requires complex mechanical control systems such as motors and bipeds, but also requires environmental awareness and Action planning and other capabilities, so the development of large biped robots requires a lot of financial support. Bipedal robots are mostly based on humanoids and humanoid robots. There are not many companies like AgilityRobotics who only use half-bottom bipedal robots. AgilityRobotics Inc. said it considers logistics and express transportation as the main scenarios for its landing. Before Xiao Bian interviewed the research and development team of Iron Man Technology, and learned that the current landing direction of large-scale biped robots is mainly in scientific research institutions and science and technology exhibition halls. So why does bipedal robots not regard service robots as an important direction for their own landing? ? First of all, the market for service robots is very hot in the first two places. There are also many eye-catching robot restaurants in various parts of the country. There are also many robots that guide guests at banks and hotels. Most of them are morphologically oriented. Wheeled robot. The reason is that on the one hand, compared to bipedal robots, the development of wheeled robots is much less difficult and the cost is low, so many small players are influx and the market is expanded; on the other hand, the current market is for robots. The demand has not yet reached the level of just-neededness. For service robots with extremely high interaction requirements, the current intelligent development has not yet reached the requirements. Therefore, even lower-priced wheeled robots have yet to be exploited in the service robot market, not to mention bipedal robots. So, is it necessary to develop a bipedal robot? The answer is yes, no doubt, the humanoid, humanoid bipedal robot must be the ultimate form of the robot, and the current R&D is paving the way. Although the current bipedal robot still stays in the "invisible" phase, its value to scientific research is very important. At the same time, scientific research institutes and science and technology exhibition halls have also formed the existing market pattern of bipedal robots to a certain extent. With the rise of the domestic technology boom, the bipedal robots still have very good Market prospects. Conclusion: The Road to Commercialization of Foot Robots Whether it is the Boston Power BigDog, the quadruped robot with a very strong stability and power system, or the Atlas-like biped robot, despite considerable progress in scientific research, it is still quite commercialized. Long way to go. One of the most prominent problems is that foot robots have a high requirement for mobility. At present, robots generally use servos to simulate joints. The more servos, the higher the cost, which makes the cost of research and development of foot robots higher. . At the same time, due to the different ideas of foot robot research and development, technical barriers are relatively high. From the perspective of the global market, foot robots are imitating human beings in their whereabouts, and bionics have been favored by researchers in the field of research. In the market direction, service robots are occupied by lower-priced wheeled robots, and small foot robots can still land in the field of entertainment robots with high mobility. However, large foot robots can only be found in the science and technology pavilions. Such scenes as a "furniture." Therefore, the entire industry urgently needs to change its research ideas, and while increasing its ability to act, it will control costs within the acceptable range of the market. From the comparison of research at home and abroad, the United States, Japan and other industrial powers have more time and investment in R&D than domestic ones. Although the foot robot cannot be used in the short term, it is the ultimate form of robots. Robot research still needs to narrow the gap with the world's leading companies, laying a good foundation for future research and development of intelligent robots. A business tablet must have powerful business functions. 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