With its long life and low power consumption, LED is expected to change the entire lighting industry, but the main obstacle to its rapid adoption is the high cost of the LED itself. The cost of LED luminaires (complete power lighting) varies, but the cost of LEDs typically accounts for about 25% to 40% of the cost of the entire luminaire, and is expected to still account for a high percentage over the next few years (Figure 1). Figure 1 breakdown of LED lamp cost 1 One way to reduce overall luminaire cost is to drive the LED at the highest possible DC current, to the extent permitted by product specifications. This current may be much higher than its "step current". This may result in a higher lumen/cost ratio if driven normally. Figure 2 LED light output and efficiency and drive current 2 However, this approach requires a higher current driver. Many solutions drive LEDs at low currents (<500mA), but there are few high current (700mA to 4A) options. This phenomenon seems surprising because the semiconductor industry has a large number of DC-DC solutions with a capacity of 4A, but they are designed to control the voltage instead of controlling the LED current. This article will explore some simple techniques for converting an off-the-shelf DC-DC buck regulator to a smart LED driver . The buck regulator chops the input voltage and transmits it through the LC filter to provide a stable output, as shown in Figure 3. It uses two active components and two passive components. The active components are the switch "A" from the input to the inductor, and the switch (or diode) "B" from the ground to the inductor. The passive components are the inductor (L) and the output capacitor (COUT) which form an LC filter that reduces the ripple generated by the active components. Figure 3 basic buck solution 3
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