From "fog" to "cloud": What factors need to be considered in the design of the Internet of Things?

Five years ago, the boundaries of the network were clearly defined and quite narrow. The types of devices connected to the Internet were mainly personal computers, laptops or desktops, or terminal platforms. Today, the boundaries of the network have become more in-depth and diverse, and with the increasing variety and variety of interconnected "things" that are widely and rapidly expanding, they are often referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT).

Today, the "cloud" is often used to describe a diverse set of hardware consisting of border routers, switches, application delivery controllers, and servers, and hosts server-based applications, databases, and services in the data center. In a similar way, "the fog" is now used to describe the boundaries of the Internet domain, and all new "things" of the Internet of Things (IoT) exist. To illustrate the scale of the equipment that makes up this “fog” layer, statistics show that by 2016 it is expected to grow to more than 6 billion devices, including more than 90 million network nodes, covering simple wearable sensors, smart meters and Building automation controller to environmental management, security monitoring and access control equipment. By 2025, the number of users of connected devices worldwide is expected to reach 50 billion devices, which is equivalent to 6.5 devices per person.

Most applications and services that monitor, manage, and control the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) "fog layer" devices will be cloud-based. The Internet of Things (IoT) gateway will support network connectivity between "fog layers" and cloud-wide Internet of Things (IoT) devices. To be effective, the Internet of Things (IoT) gateway must be able to support the LAN connectivity media and protocols used by various Internet of Things (IoT) devices, as well as the connectivity and protocols required to connect to the WAN (and subsequently connect to Internet cloud applications). Let's take a closer look at the key design considerations for these Internet of Things (IoT) gateways:

From "fog" to "cloud": What factors need to be considered in the design of the Internet of Things?


This article is selected from the Electronic Consumers Network August "Wireless Communications Special Issue" Change The World column, please indicate the source!

USB 3.0 Hubs

USB3.0 provides a standard interface for all kinds of devices that are connected to PCS or audio/high-frequency devices.The theoretical transmission speed is up to 5Gbps. HUB is commonly known as a hub, which is used to connect multiple computers or network devices in a network using a star topology. The USB 3.0 Hubs is an upgrade of the USB 2.0 Hubs. The transmission rate of the USB2.0 is 480Mbps, and the transmission rate of the USB3.0 is 5Gbps. The maximum transmission speed is 10 times that of the USB2.0, and the transmission speed is faster.

The USB 3.0 hub provides a quick and easy way to connect all the peripherals you use on your desktop. You can connect 2 external monitors, gigabit Ethernet ports, headphones/speakers, USB printers and scanners, keyboards, mice and other peripherals with a single USB 3.0 cable to your computer for up to 5Gbit/s external storage access (10 times faster than USB 2.0). USB HUBS can do split, but not evenly. If, as the subject says, you only have two devices, and the two devices are transmitting at the same time and taking up as much bandwidth as possible, then you end up with two devices each taking up 50% of the bandwidth. Due to the fast theoretical speed of USB3.0, even if divided into four parts, the theoretical bandwidth of each port is still as high as 1Gbps, and the number of converted bytes is close to 100MB/s, which is still a very high bandwidth.


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